Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: The Roles of Basolateral Amygdala Parvalbumin Neurons in Fear Learning

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2461-20.2021

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bidirectional modulation of fear learning by optogenetic manipulation of BLA PV neurons. A , PV-Cre rats received infusions of Cre-dependent eNpHR3.0, eYFP, or ChR2 into BLA and application of fiber optic cannulae into the BLA. B–D , Location of fiber tips in BLA and eNpHR3.0 or ChR2 expression for each rat. Viral spread shown is specific to expression within the BLA and does not show occasional spread into adjacent regions. E , BLA PV photoinhibition during shock US augmented fear learning (eYFP, n = 8; eNpHR3.0, n = 8). F , BLA PV photoinhibtion during the intertrial interval had no effect (eYFP, n = 8; eNpHR3.0, n = 7). G , ChR2 ( n = 7) photoexcitation during the shock US impaired fear learning compared with control (eYFP, n = 8). H , BLA PV photoinhibtion during shock omission (eYFP, n = 7; eNpHR3.0, n = 9) had no effect on fear extinction. Inset, Responding to the first CS of each extinction session. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: A 5 μl, 30 gauge conical tipped microinfusion syringe (SGE Analytical Science) was used to infuse 0.75 μl of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors into BLA (anteroposterior, −3.00; mediolateral ±5.00; dorsoventral, −8.15 mm from bregma; Paxinos and Watson, 2007 ) at a rate of 0.25 μl/min (UltraMicroPump III with SYS-Micro4 Controller, World Precision Instruments), and the syringe was left in place for an additional 7 min. At each craniotomy, a fiber optic ceramic cannula (Thorlabs) was lowered into the BLA (anteroposterior, −3.00; mediolateral ±5.10; dorsoventral, −8.00; Paxinos and Watson, 2007 ) and secured in place by dental cement anchored to the screws and the skull.

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: The Roles of Basolateral Amygdala Parvalbumin Neurons in Fear Learning

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2461-20.2021

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expectation modulation of BLA PV neurons. A , PV-Cre rats ( n = 7) received AAV-encoding Cre-dependent gCaMP7s and fiber optic cannulae into the BLA. Viral spread shown is specific to expression within the BLA and does not show occasional spread into adjacent regions. B , Subject-based, signaled US-evoked transients on day 1 and 4 (Test). Bars above transients show periods significantly different to 0% ΔF/F each day ( p < 0.05). C , Subject-based US-evoked transients on test for unsignaled and signaled footshock. Colored bars above transients show periods significantly different to 0% ΔF/F ( p < 0.05) for each condition, and yellow bar shows periods of significance between conditions. D , Subject-based AUC ΔF/F 0–7 s after US onset. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: A 5 μl, 30 gauge conical tipped microinfusion syringe (SGE Analytical Science) was used to infuse 0.75 μl of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors into BLA (anteroposterior, −3.00; mediolateral ±5.00; dorsoventral, −8.15 mm from bregma; Paxinos and Watson, 2007 ) at a rate of 0.25 μl/min (UltraMicroPump III with SYS-Micro4 Controller, World Precision Instruments), and the syringe was left in place for an additional 7 min. At each craniotomy, a fiber optic ceramic cannula (Thorlabs) was lowered into the BLA (anteroposterior, −3.00; mediolateral ±5.10; dorsoventral, −8.00; Paxinos and Watson, 2007 ) and secured in place by dental cement anchored to the screws and the skull.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: The Roles of Basolateral Amygdala Parvalbumin Neurons in Fear Learning

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2461-20.2021

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prediction error modulation of BLA PV neurons. A , B , PV-Cre rats ( n = 19) received AAV-encoding Cre-dependent gCaMP7s and fiber optic cannulae into the BLA. Location of fiber tips in BLA and gCaMP expression for each rat. Viral spread shown is specific to expression within the BLA and does not show occasional spread into adjacent regions. Two-color immunofluorescence showed gCaMP7s expression in PV neurons ( n = 2). C , Blocking of associative fear learning. Group Block ( n = 10) showed more fear to CSAB than group Control ( n = 9) in Stage II but group Control learned to fear CSAB in Stage II. Group Control were more afraid of CSB on test than group Block. D , Fiber photometry showing US-evoked transients in BLA PV neurons during Stage II of associative blocking for groups Control and Block. Colored bars above transients show periods significantly different to 0% ΔF/F ( p < 0.05). E , Subject-based ΔF/F 0–7 s after US onset. F , Trial-based ΔF/F 0–7 s after US onset. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: A 5 μl, 30 gauge conical tipped microinfusion syringe (SGE Analytical Science) was used to infuse 0.75 μl of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors into BLA (anteroposterior, −3.00; mediolateral ±5.00; dorsoventral, −8.15 mm from bregma; Paxinos and Watson, 2007 ) at a rate of 0.25 μl/min (UltraMicroPump III with SYS-Micro4 Controller, World Precision Instruments), and the syringe was left in place for an additional 7 min. At each craniotomy, a fiber optic ceramic cannula (Thorlabs) was lowered into the BLA (anteroposterior, −3.00; mediolateral ±5.10; dorsoventral, −8.00; Paxinos and Watson, 2007 ) and secured in place by dental cement anchored to the screws and the skull.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Blocking Assay, Control

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: The Roles of Basolateral Amygdala Parvalbumin Neurons in Fear Learning

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2461-20.2021

Figure Lengend Snippet: BLA PV neurons constrain association formation under variations in prediction error. A , B , PV-Cre rats received BLA infusions of Cre-dependent eNpHR3.0 or eYFP and fiber optic cannulae into the BLA. Viral spread shown is specific to expression within the BLA and does not show occasional spread into adjacent regions. C , eNpHR3.0-Block ( n = 8) and eYFP-Block ( n = 7) both learned fear to CSA in Stage I, and eYFP-Control ( n = 8) learned to fear CSAB during Stage II. Blocking was demonstrated at test. BLA photoinhibition during the Stage II shock US reduced blocking and restored fear learning to CSB in group eNpHR3.0-Block. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: A 5 μl, 30 gauge conical tipped microinfusion syringe (SGE Analytical Science) was used to infuse 0.75 μl of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors into BLA (anteroposterior, −3.00; mediolateral ±5.00; dorsoventral, −8.15 mm from bregma; Paxinos and Watson, 2007 ) at a rate of 0.25 μl/min (UltraMicroPump III with SYS-Micro4 Controller, World Precision Instruments), and the syringe was left in place for an additional 7 min. At each craniotomy, a fiber optic ceramic cannula (Thorlabs) was lowered into the BLA (anteroposterior, −3.00; mediolateral ±5.10; dorsoventral, −8.00; Paxinos and Watson, 2007 ) and secured in place by dental cement anchored to the screws and the skull.

Techniques: Expressing, Blocking Assay, Control